Earth Impact Effects Program

Robert Marcus, H. Jay Melosh, and Gareth Collins

Meteor Crater, USA

Projectile Diameter: 23 m
Projectile Density: iron (8000 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 20 km/s
Impact Angle: 45 degrees
Target Density: 2700 kg/m3

Ries Crater, Germany

Projectile Diameter: 1500 m
Projectile Density: rock (2700 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 20 km/s
Impact Angle: 30 degrees
Target Density: 2700 kg/m3

Chesapeake Bay, USA

Projectile Diameter: 2300-3500 m
Projectile Density: rock (2700 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 20 km/s
Impact Angle: 45 degrees
Target Density: 2700 kg/m3

Chicxulub, Mexico

Projectile Diameter: 17500 m
Projectile Density: rock (2700 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 20 km/s
Impact Angle: 45 degrees
Target Density: 2700 kg/m3